Difference between revisions of "Undergraduate Radio Lab"

Revision as of 14:54, 12 January 2022

This course consists of four laboratory experiments that concentrate on radio instrumentation and laboratory techniques. We will build receiving, observing, and data analysis systems for two telescopes: a single-dish 21-cm line system, and a 10.7-GHz interferometer. We will use these telescopes for astronomical observing projects including structure of the Milky Way galaxy, precise position measurement of several radio sources, and measurement of the radio brightness distributions of the sun and moon with high angular resolution. There is a heavy emphasis on digital data acquisition, software development in the Python language, and high-quality written reports.

Class Programmatics

Class Code Repository: http://github.com/AaronParsons/ugradio
Syllabus
Zoom Room: 358 760 9756
Bcourses: 1512067
Discord: https://discord.gg/vdmcyZcAbS
Class Hours:
- Tuesday/Thursday 1:30-3:30pm
Office Hours:
- Aaron Parsons (aparsons at berkeley): TBD, or by appointment, in standard Zoom Room: 358 760 9756
- Christian Bye (chbye at berkeley): TBD or by appointment (Through Discord Office Hours Channel)
- Mine Gokcen (minegokcen at berkeley):
- Frank Latora (fjlatora at berkeley):
Lab Groups:
- Group 1
- Group 2
- Group 3
- Group 4
- Group 5

Experiments

General Skills Used Through-Out Course

Topics by Date

Lab 1 (Exploring Digital Sampling, Fourier Transforms, and both DSB and SSB Mixers), Due Feb 8, 1:30p

Lab 1, Week 1 (Jan 18): Sampling and Power Spectra

Resources and Handouts
Demos and Tutorials
- Introduction to Python and Plotting
- Aliasing Demo
In class:
- Astrobaki, Syllabus, Office Hours
- Getting accounts (premade by Bill Boyd, change password)
- Lab access (email Mark Hayden)
- Class philosophy and workflow
- Nyquist Sampling and aliasing
- Fourier Transform
- Lab Hardware
  - PicoScope 2206a
- Data Challenge
  - Secret Message
- Lecture 1 Zoom Recording
- Lecture 2 Zoom Recording

Lab 1, Week 2 (Jan 26): DSB and SSB Mixers

Theory and Background:
Demos and Tutorials
- Convolutions and Correlations
- In the Mind: Introduction to the Fourier Transform
- Mommy Fortuna's Midnight Carnival of Python Oddities
- Data Representations, with handout on Data Types and Organizational Structures
- Data Challenge
  - Secret Message 2
In class:
- Lecture 3: Discrete Fourier Transforms and the Convolution Theorem
- Lecture 4: Show and Tell
- Lecture: Introduction to DSB and SSB Mixers
- Show and Tell (10m per group)

Lab 1, Week 3 (Feb 1): More Mixers, and Lab Reports

Theory and Background
- LaTeX
- Introduction to Python and Plotting, second pass
- LaTex Template Template you may use for your lab report
  - Overleaf version of the lab template
In Class:
- Lecture: One more pass on Convolution Theorem, Heterodyne Mixers, and DFTs
- Lecture 5
- Lecture 6
- Show and Tell
- Writing Lab Reports
Lab 1 Due Feb 8, 1:30p

Lab 2 (Astronomy with the 21cm Line; Some Microwave Electronics), due Mar 1, 1:30p

Lab 2, Week 1 (Feb 8): 21cm Line and Waveguides

Theory and Background:
Demos and Tutorials
- Python Tutorial Part 3: Functions, Modules, and Objects
- Matrix Math with Numpy
- Doppler Corrections, ugradio.doppler
In class:
- Introduction to Horn and Receiver
- Time
- Coordinates
- Lecture 7
- Lecture 8

Lab 2, Week 2 (Feb 15): Collect and Analyze Data

Theory and Background
Demos and Tutorials
- Central Limit Theorem and Averaging
In Class:
- Show and Tell
- Waveguides, Transmission Lines, and Rope
- Fitting Gaussians and Polynomials, ugradio.gauss
- Lecture 9
- Lecture 10

Lab 2, Week 3 (Feb 22): Write Lab Report

Theory and Background
- Least-Squares and Chi-Square for the Budding Aficionado: Art and Practice
In Class:
- Chi-Square Jupyter Notebook
- Show and Tell
- Least Squares Part 2
- Lecture 11
Lab 2 Due Mar 1, 1:30p

Lab 3 (Radio Interferometry at X Band), due Apr 5, 1:00p

Lab 3 Week 1 (Mar 1): Interferometer

Theory and Background
- Coordinates
- Basic Interferometry
In Class:
- Tour of Rooftop Interferometer
- Exercise Ball Coordinates
- Interferometry with Strings
- Lecture 12
- Lecture 13

Lab 3 Week 2 (Mar 8): Collect and Analyze Data

Theory and Background
- Measurement Equation
- Telescope Field of View/Resolution
In Class:
- Show and Tell
- Controlling the Telescope
- Tracking the Sun
- Scheduling Observations
Lecture Links
- Lecture 14
- Lecture 15

Lab 3 Week 3 (Mar 15): Collect and Analyze Data

Theory and Background
- Basic Interferometry II
- Least Squares
In Class:
- Show and Tell
- Linear Least-Squares in Python
- Minimizing Chi-Square]
- Noise in Observations
Lecture Links
- Lecture 16
- Lecture 17

No class (Mar 23, 26)

Lab 3 Week 4 (Mar 29): Write Lab Report

Theory and Background
- - Correlators
  - Units of radiation
In Class:
- Show and Tell
- Photon bucket demo
Lecture Links
- Lecture 18
- Lecture 19
Lab 3 Due Apr 6, 1:30p

Lab 4 (Mapping the HI Line: the Galaxy and Supershells), due May 3, 1:30p

Useful Links

Link to Observing Calendar

Leuschner WebCam

Lab 4 Week 1 (Apr 5): Leuschner Dish

Theory and Background
In Class:
- Trip to Leuschner: Class will go later than usual
- drive mechanism (how the dish moves)
- feed (notice probes) and cables
- IF setup (one channel for OH, one for HI)
- interacting with a CASPER spectrometer
- pointing control
- spatial sampling with dish
Lecture Links
- Lecture 20
- Lab 4 Lecture 2 (Thursday 4/9/20)

Lab 4 Week 2 (Apr 12): Collect and Analyze Data

Theory and Background
In Class:
- Show and Tell
- spatial sampling with a dish
- interpolation
- projection
Lecture Links
- Lab 4 Lecture 3 (Tuesday 4/14; access v7*1$5k7)
- Lab 4 Lecture 4 (Thursday 4/16; access G7*##+1O)

Lab 4 Week 3 (Apr 19): Collect and Analyze Data

Theory and Background
In Class:
- Show and Tell
- close-out plan
- computing doppler width for a line of sight (assuming circular motion)
- calibrating spectra
- converting spectra to hydrogen
Lecture Links
- Lab 4 Lecture 5 (Tuesday 4/21; access 7f!o&=J9)
- Lab 4 Lecture 6 (Thursday 4/23): share day; no recording

Lab 4 Week 4 (Apr 26): Write Lab Report

Theory and Background
- Calibrating the Intensity and Shape of Spectral Lines (Carl Heiles)
In Class:
- Show and Tell
- displaying information in image form
- Lab 4 Due May 3, 1:30p
Lecture Links
- Lab 4 Lecture 7 (Tuesday 4/28; access 3h=j11*@ )
- Lab 4 Lecture 8 (Thursday 4/30; access 5V$.3i8$ )

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 === Class Programmatics ===
 * Class Code Repository: [http://github.com/AaronParsons/ugradio http://github.com/AaronParsons/ugradio]
-* [https://github.com/AaronParsons/ugradio/raw/master/schedule/syllabus_2021_spring.docx Syllabus]
+* [https://github.com/AaronParsons/ugradio/raw/master/schedule/syllabus_2022_spring.docx Syllabus]
 * [https://berkeley.zoom.us/j/3587609756 Zoom Room: 358 760 9756]
-* Bcourses: [https://bcourses.berkeley.edu/courses/1502778 1502778]
+* Bcourses: [https://bcourses.berkeley.edu/courses/1512067 1512067]
 * Discord: https://discord.gg/vdmcyZcAbS
 * Class Hours:
-** Tuesday/Thursday 1:00-3:00pm
+** Tuesday/Thursday 1:30-3:30pm
 * Office Hours:
-** Aaron Parsons (aparsons at berkeley): M 3-4pm, F 1-2pm, or by appointment, in standard [https://berkeley.zoom.us/j/3587609756 Zoom Room: 358 760 9756]
+** Aaron Parsons (aparsons at berkeley): TBD, or by appointment, in standard [https://berkeley.zoom.us/j/3587609756 Zoom Room: 358 760 9756]
-** Tyler Cox (tyler.a.cox at Berkeley): T/W/TH 9-10am, 3-4pm or by appointment (Through Discord Office Hours Channel)
+** Christian Bye (chbye at berkeley): TBD or by appointment (Through Discord Office Hours Channel)
-** Kyle Miller (ckmiller at berkeley): by appointment and ~ MTWThF 10-11am on Discord!
+** Mine Gokcen (minegokcen at berkeley):
-** Frank Latora (fjlatora at berkeley)
+** Frank Latora (fjlatora at berkeley):
 * Lab Groups:
 ** Group 1
-*** Madeline Sandfrey
+** Group 2
-*** Olivia Salaben
-*** Melanie Russo
-*** Jennifer Evans
-** Group 2 (The Four-ier Musketeers)
-*** Parker Trautwein
-*** Lawerence Edmond
-*** Ben Terao
 ** Group 3
-*** Robert Zhu
-*** Derek Perera
-*** Tristan Streichenberger
-*** Nishant Mishra
 ** Group 4
-*** Peggy Guo
+** Group 5
-*** Savannah Piel
-*** Richard Spencer
-** Group 5 (5quist sampling)
-*** Blake Miller
-*** Rebecca Lehman
-*** Andy Singh
-*** Benjamin Zhang
 === Experiments ===
@@ Line 60: / Line 42: @@
 == Topics by Date ==
-=== Lab 1 ([https://github.com/AaronParsons/ugradio/blob/master/lab_mixers/allmixers.pdf Exploring Digital Sampling, Fourier Transforms, and both DSB and SSB Mixers]), Due Feb 9, 1:00p ===
+=== Lab 1 ([https://github.com/AaronParsons/ugradio/blob/master/lab_mixers/allmixers.pdf Exploring Digital Sampling, Fourier Transforms, and both DSB and SSB Mixers]), Due Feb 8, 1:30p ===
-==== Lab 1, Week 1 (Jan 19): Sampling and Power Spectra ====
+==== Lab 1, Week 1 (Jan 18): Sampling and Power Spectra ====
 * Resources and Handouts
 ** [[Nyquist Sampling]]
@@ Line 87: / Line 69: @@
 ** [https://youtu.be/oJplegmHeAI Lecture 2 Zoom Recording]
-==== Lab 1, Week 2 (Jan 27): DSB and SSB Mixers ====
+==== Lab 1, Week 2 (Jan 26): DSB and SSB Mixers ====
 * Theory and Background:
 ** [[Heterodyne Mixers]]
@@ Line 106: / Line 88: @@
 ** Show and Tell (10m per group)
-==== Lab 1, Week 3 (Feb 2): More Mixers, and Lab Reports ====
+==== Lab 1, Week 3 (Feb 1): More Mixers, and Lab Reports ====
 * Theory and Background
 ** [[LaTeX]]
@@ Line 118: / Line 100: @@
 ** Show and Tell
 ** Writing Lab Reports
-* Lab 1 Due Feb 9, 1:00p
+* Lab 1 Due Feb 8, 1:30p
 ---------
-=== Lab 2 ([https://github.com/AaronParsons/ugradio/blob/master/lab_bighorn/bighorn.pdf Astronomy with the 21cm Line; Some Microwave Electronics]), due Mar 2, 1:00p ===
+=== Lab 2 ([https://github.com/AaronParsons/ugradio/blob/master/lab_bighorn/bighorn.pdf Astronomy with the 21cm Line; Some Microwave Electronics]), due Mar 1, 1:30p ===
-==== Lab 2, Week 1 (Feb 9): 21cm Line and Waveguides ====
+==== Lab 2, Week 1 (Feb 8): 21cm Line and Waveguides ====
 * Theory and Background:
 ** [https://github.com/AaronParsons/ugradio/blob/master/lab_bighorn/cal_intensity.pdf Calibrating the Intensity and Shape of Spectral Lines]
@@ Line 140: / Line 122: @@
 ** [https://youtu.be/htF9zWPzeLQ Lecture 8]
-==== Lab 2, Week 2 (Feb 16): Collect and Analyze Data ====
+==== Lab 2, Week 2 (Feb 15): Collect and Analyze Data ====
 * Theory and Background
 ** [[Impedance]]
@@ Line 156: / Line 138: @@
 ** [https://youtu.be/xre1hQiZKCM Lecture 10]
-==== Lab 2, Week 3 (Feb 23): Write Lab Report ====
+==== Lab 2, Week 3 (Feb 22): Write Lab Report ====
 * Theory and Background
 ** [https://github.com/AaronParsons/ugradio/blob/master/least_squares/lsfit_2008.pdf Least-Squares and Chi-Square for the Budding Aficionado: Art and Practice]
@@ Line 164: / Line 146: @@
 ** Least Squares Part 2
 ** [https://youtu.be/M92l0k45Gjw Lecture 11]
-* Lab 2 Due Mar 2, 1:00p
+* Lab 2 Due Mar 1, 1:30p
 ---------
-=== Lab 3 ([https://github.com/AaronParsons/ugradio/blob/master/lab_interf/interf.pdf Radio Interferometry at X Band]), due Apr 6, 1:00p ===
+=== Lab 3 ([https://github.com/AaronParsons/ugradio/blob/master/lab_interf/interf.pdf Radio Interferometry at X Band]), due Apr 5, 1:00p ===
-==== Lab 3 Week 1 (Mar 2): Interferometer ====
+==== Lab 3 Week 1 (Mar 1): Interferometer ====
 * Theory and Background
 ** [[Coordinates]]
@@ Line 181: / Line 163: @@
 ** [https://youtu.be/5IDLQMO6_8g Lecture 13]
-==== Lab 3 Week 2 (Mar 9): Collect and Analyze Data ====
+==== Lab 3 Week 2 (Mar 8): Collect and Analyze Data ====
 * Theory and Background
 ** [[Measurement Equation]]
@@ Line 194: / Line 176: @@
 ** [https://youtu.be/xVtmz0TfUJg Lecture 15]
-==== Lab 3 Week 3 (Mar 16): Collect and Analyze Data ====
+==== Lab 3 Week 3 (Mar 15): Collect and Analyze Data ====
 * Theory and Background
 ** [[Basic Interferometry II]]
@@ Line 209: / Line 191: @@
 ==== No class (Mar 23, 26) ====
-==== Lab 3 Week 4 (Mar 30): Write Lab Report ====
+==== Lab 3 Week 4 (Mar 29): Write Lab Report ====
 * Theory and Background
 *** [[Correlators]]
@@ Line 219: / Line 201: @@
 ** [https://youtu.be/Nl5h3Hi51bQ Lecture 18]
 ** [https://youtu.be/GVugVn5PdB0 Lecture 19]
-* Lab 3 Due Apr 7, 1:00p
+* Lab 3 Due Apr 6, 1:30p
 ---------
-=== Lab 4 ([https://github.com/AaronParsons/ugradio/blob/master/lab_dish/HI1.pdf Mapping the HI Line: the Galaxy and Supershells]), due May 4, 1:00p ===
+=== Lab 4 ([https://github.com/AaronParsons/ugradio/blob/master/lab_dish/HI1.pdf Mapping the HI Line: the Galaxy and Supershells]), due May 3, 1:30p ===
 ==== Useful Links ====
@@ Line 231: / Line 213: @@
 [http://leuschner.berkeley.edu:8080 Leuschner WebCam]
-==== Lab 4 Week 1 (Apr 6): Leuschner Dish ====
+==== Lab 4 Week 1 (Apr 5): Leuschner Dish ====
 * Theory and Background
 ** [[Specific Intensity]]
@@ Line 248: / Line 230: @@
 ** [https://berkeley.zoom.us/rec/share/yYtJDpzz52pOc5GR42PxBbA_QorFT6a81CAfr6IKyRre8X_2LRtd9NPzNNLXeBCw Lab 4 Lecture 2 (Thursday 4/9/20)]
-==== Lab 4 Week 2 (Apr 13): Collect and Analyze Data ====
+==== Lab 4 Week 2 (Apr 12): Collect and Analyze Data ====
 * Theory and Background
 ** [[21cm Transition]]
@@ Line 262: / Line 244: @@
 ** [https://berkeley.zoom.us/rec/share/wsAsELX3yThOTJXExEjjWaI4Mdq7eaa8hicf__AEzEkISCgjfujdIe8CV-yXP8VP Lab 4 Lecture 4 (Thursday 4/16; access G7*##+1O)]
-==== Lab 4 Week 3 (Apr 20): Collect and Analyze Data ====
+==== Lab 4 Week 3 (Apr 19): Collect and Analyze Data ====
 * Theory and Background
 ** [[Emission Line Observing]]
@@ Line 278: / Line 260: @@
 ** Lab 4 Lecture 6 (Thursday 4/23): share day; no recording
-==== Lab 4 Week 4 (Apr 27): Write Lab Report ====
+==== Lab 4 Week 4 (Apr 26): Write Lab Report ====
 * Theory and Background
 ** [https://github.com/AaronParsons/ugradio/blob/master/lab_bighorn/cal_intensity.pdf Calibrating the Intensity and Shape of Spectral Lines (Carl Heiles)]
@@ Line 284: / Line 266: @@
 ** Show and Tell
 ** displaying information in image form
-** Lab 4 Due May 4, 1:00p
+** Lab 4 Due May 3, 1:30p
 * Lecture Links
 ** [https://berkeley.zoom.us/rec/share/6pVKDIHL7XlIQ5GVtAL4Q4klI7Tvaaa81HBP_vBezRuCI54jJ3AKdenjUZB-gScx Lab 4 Lecture 7 (Tuesday 4/28; access 3h=j11*@ )]